1.Air pollution is a good example of ____________________.
1 point
an economic efficiency
a social benefit
a Pigovian tax
2.If we were to increase taxes on carbon dioxide emissions, we would predict that _________________.
1 point
people would drive their cars less
people would drive their cars more
3.Mobilization bias doesn’t occur in democracies. True or false?
1 point
False
True
4.Pigovian taxes hope to reduce social costs. True or false?
1 point
False
True
5.Which of the following pollution types is a common example of a negative externality?
1 point
Lead paint in houses
Steam
Light pollution
Nuclear waste
Coal ash
6.A carbon tax acts to ___________________.
1 point
increase the cost of emitting carbon dioxide
neither increase nor decrease actions related to carbon dioxide
decrease the value of owning carbon dioxide
increase the value of owning carbon dioxide
decrease the cost of emitting carbon dioxide
7.What concept might we use to describe the policy of a mayor who introduces a fee designed to limit congestion in the downtown of a city?
1 point
NIMBY
Pigovian tax
Mobilization bias
IPAT
Cap-and-trade
8.If the benefits outweigh the costs for an action, a cost/benefit analysis would state that ___________________.
1 point
we should perform the action
we should consider other actions
we should not consider other actions
we should not perform the action
we have not learned anything about performing the action yet
9.Which of the following does application of the risk management approach require?
1 point
Expert consensus
No more than one known risk
A poor estimate of all the risks
The ability to weigh the risks
The precautionary principle
10.Which of the following could be considered a Pigovian tax?
1 point
Tax rebate for wind-generated power
Emission tax on carbon dioxide
Luxury tax on expensive cars
Subsidy for home insulation
Tariff on internationally-made goods and services
11.When we discuss the impact of pollution on third-parties (i.e., groups who aren’t involved in the transaction that produces the pollution), what sort of externality should we be referring to?
1 point
Neutral externality
Inefficient externality
Positive externality
Outside externality
Negative externality
12.Which of the following pairs of acts most clearly generate a positive externality and a negative externality, in that order?
1 point
Picking up an empty aluminum can off the street, selling an empty aluminum can to a recycler
Throwing an empty aluminum can onto the street, throwing a plastic bottle into the ocean
Picking up an empty aluminum can off the street, throwing a plastic bottle into the ocean
Throwing a plastic bottle into the ocean, throwing an empty aluminum can onto the street
Throwing an empty aluminum can onto the street, selling an empty aluminum can to a recycler
13.If an environmental policy is economically efficient, it means __________________.
1 point
it is the cheapest policy for society for a given outcome
it costs industry less than not having a policy at all
it is the cheapest policy for industry for a given outcome
it costs industry more than not having a policy at all
it costs society more than it costs industry to implement
14.Why might we use a carbon tax instead of an ambient standard to regulate emissions?
1 point
To increase the amount of electric vehicles
To reduce the amount of energy used by society
To reduce the number of car trips taken
To efficiently allocate the right to pollute
To increase the amount of alternative energy use
15.If mobilization bias results in a policy failure, this means that __________________.
1 point
concentrated interests know less about the effects of a policy than diffuse interests
the policy process did not occur in a developed democracy
concentrated interests have distorted the policy process relative to diffuse interests
concentrated interests know more about the effects of a policy than diffuse interests
favored groups have miscalculated the costs and benefits of the policy
uses the risk management procedure to determine whether an action should occur
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