1.The Green Revolution led to large increases in crop yields. True or false?
1 point
True
2.Today, millions of people have consumed food made from genetically modified plants. True or false?
1 point
False
True
3.Which of the following is a major storage component of the hydrologic system?
1 point
Ice sheets and glaciers
Ocean evaporation
Irrigation
Terrestrial precipitation
Subsurface runoff
4.Which of the following describes a water flux in the hydrologic system?
1 point
A stagnant lake in the mountains
A flat-lying water table
The precipitation of water over land
The contamination of groundwater by salt leaching
The existence of an aquifer in the subsurface
5.Which of the following is an important driver in the hydrologic cycle?
1 point
The Milankovitch Cycle
Aquifers
Capital investment
Sunlight
Trade
6.Over the last decade, food production has __________________.
1 point
decreased globally
been equally increasing, decreasing, and stable, depending on the country
been decreasing in the Northern hemisphere and increasing in the Southern hemisphere
increased globally
been stable globally
7.What is a known disadvantage of the production and/or use of biofuels?
1 point
It increases the United States fuel prices.
It decreases the demand for liquid fuels.
It increases the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
It increases global food prices.
It decreases genetic variability.
8.Which of the following statements about soil is true?
1 point
Soil is being lost at an accelerating rate in the United States.
No-till agriculture is increasing the rate of soil loss in China.
Soil is being used sustainably in most countries, including China and the US.
Soil loss has been negligible over the 20th century.
No-till agriculture is reducing the rate of soil loss in the United States.
9.How does the concept of virtual or imbedded water address the issue of water stress?
1 point
It can be easier to trade imbedded water than water itself.
Virtual water is unavailable for electricity generation.
Water stress can be the result of missing or virtual water.
It is harder to create contamination in imbedded aquifers.
Both virtual and imbedded water are most often found in water-stressed areas.
10.Why might pollution lead to water stress?
1 point
Contamination implies that use outstrips supply.
Contamination lowers the water table.
Contamination implies that incoming fluxes decrease relative to outgoing fluxes.
Contamination might lower the cost of water.
Contamination implies that sources have limited use.
11.I have developed a new genetically modified strain of rice that is resistant to herbicides. According to the precautionary principle, I should not sell the seeds of this variety unless __________________.
1 point
it is better than the alternative varieties according to a cost/benefit analysis
it makes money for the farmers
a risk management study indicates that the benefits outweigh the costs
it is used in the same place it was developed
it is shown to be safe
12.Why is food production required to increase at a faster rate than population growth as a consequence of increased economic wealth?
1 point
Richer people tend to eat more meat.
The number of people who are willing to farm will decrease.
There is increasing waste in the food system.
Genetically modified food will cost less to make.
Organic food requires more inputs.
13.Thanks to the original Green Revolution __________________.
1 point
the total number of malnourished people in the world is at its lowest point in two centuries
GMO agriculture was able to prevent famines in the 60s and 70s
most US agriculture is now organic (does not use pesticides and herbicides)
food production yields have decreased globally
the Malthusian catastrophe did not occur in the 20th century
14.If access to water begins to limit the spread of high-yield agriculture so that global agricultural yields stop increasing, what might we confidently predict will happen to food consumption, based on current trends? Assume that the world population continues to increase.
1 point
Protein consumption will decrease in most parts of the world.
Carbohydrate consumption will continue to decrease in the more developed economies.
Carbohydrate consumption will continue to increase in the more developed economies.
Protein consumption will be unchanged in most parts of the world.
Protein consumption will increase in most parts of the world.
15.Imagine that the high-yielding agriculture of developed countries quickly spreads to all countries and that this rapidly increases the global average agricultural yield. Based on current trends, we could confidently predict that this would _______________.
1 point
significantly increase the average individual consumption of protein
reduced developing country water use
reduce global water use
significantly increase the average individual consumption of carbohydrates
reduce developed economy water use
16.Some philosophers of science argue that science cannot prove anything. If we take this position and also wish to strictly apply the precautionary principle, what does this imply for new technology?
1 point
Only technologies that did not arise from scientific research could be allowed.
Only technologies arising out of scientific research could be allowed.
Only technologies arising out of practice could be allowed.
No new technologies could be allowed.
Only technologies with benefits that are higher than their costs could be allowed.
17.Imagine that future agricultural crops are genetically modified so that they require less water to grow than current crops do. In this situation, we could confidently suggest that ________________________.
1 point
total virtual water use will be higher than it would be without the change
the precautionary principle had been applied
the amount of imbedded water in meat will have declined relative to today
rates of soil loss will be higher relative to today
the amount of proteins as a percentage of total calories will have declined relative to today
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