Final Quiz >> Introduction to Sustainability
TOTAL POINTS 40
1.Can populations ever exceed their environment’s long-term carrying capacity?
1 point
2.What does the C in the formula SI = P x C/P x I/C stand for?
1 point
3.What occurs in a Malthusian catastrophe?
1 point
4.If the neo-Malthusian model is correct and the world’s carrying capacity is 8 billion people, which of the following would likely occur?
1 point
5.Assume that the demographic transition model is correct and that developing countries develop much more rapidly than is currently predicted. (This would mean that average economic growth rates in places such as sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia would be higher than they are today.) What does this imply for global population at the end of the 21st century?
1 point
6.What is the demographic transition?
1 point
7.What is the current global population, to the nearest billion?
1 point
8.
Above are three demographic figures (pyramids). The top of each pyramid represents people who are 100 years old, and the bottom of the pyramid represents people who are less than 5 years old. Males are to the left of the center of each figure, and females are to the right. Use this data to answer the following question:
Which of the three countries is currently experiencing the highest percentage of population growth (due to fertility being higher than mortality), and which is experiencing the least?
1 point
9.Does the demographic transition model take into account global catastrophes (such as pandemics or nuclear war)?
1 point
10.
Use the graph above to inform your answer to the following question:
Assume the demographic transition model is largely correct. Which of the four stages of the demographic transition model would be best described by the Malthusian model? Support your answer with an appropriate Malthusian description.
1 point
11.What is a “Commons” in the Tragedy of the Commons?
1 point
12.Which of the following most accurately and fully describes a “Tragedy” in the Tragedy of the Commons?
1 point
13.A forest is theoretically predicted to experience the Tragedy of the Commons when it is _____________________.
1 point
14.To conserve the Pacific fisheries, transferrable quotas have been introduced so that each fisherman is allowed to catch a proportion of the total number of the fish. How would we describe this action?
1 point
15.Using external government creates problems in dealing with some important Tragedy of the Commons issues. One of these is atmospheric pollution and the resulting climate change. Why might an external government approach, in particular, be failing to curb the problem?
1 point
16.The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere ___________________.
1 point
17.How is instrumental data different to proxy data in determining how climate varies over time?
1 point
18.If the amount of insolation increased, which of the following would describe the process of the Earth’s heat budget?
1 point
19.Why are Milankovitch cycles thought to be important in the variation of the Earth’s climate over the last 2 million years?
1 point
20.Geoengineering has been proposed as a method of dealing with man-made climate change. If someone was to propose putting large mirrors in space to deflect light from the sun, this would act to cool the Earth via what mechanism?
1 point
21.Fossil fuel use has done what in the last 50 or so years?
1 point
22.Which of the following is an advantage of fossil fuels?
1 point
23.What does the term peak oil refer to?
1 point
24.What does it mean to have an energy return of between 1 and 10?
1 point
25.Global electrical power produced by nuclear power plants has not grown very much in the last few decades. If nuclear power production had grown by much more and in so doing replaced more conventional energy sources for electrical generation, we would most obviously predict that _____________________.
1 point
26.Worldwide, what is the biggest single use of water?
1 point
27.Which of the following is a major storage component of the hydrologic system?
1 point
28.Under which of the following circumstances is it always unsustainable to extract water from an aquifer?
1 point
29.The original Green Revolution required farmers to do which of the following to increase yields?
1 point
30.As the world population increases and economies develop, it is predicted that we will need to increase total grain yields at a faster rate than population increase alone would indicate. Which of the following is a major reason for this?
1 point
31. If the costs outweigh the benefits for an action, then a cost/benefit analysis would state that ___________________.
1 point
32.Which of the following could be considered a Pigovian tax?
1 point
33.A factory produces sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, which in turn pollutes waterways and kills fish. When we discuss the impact of this pollution on local fishermen, what sort of externality should we be referring to?
1 point
34.If mobilization bias results in a policy failure, this means that ___________________.
1 point
35.The 1990 Clean Air Act allows companies to trade the right to emit sulfur dioxide, a gas that makes rain acidic, which in turn damages wildlife. The Act also limits the total amount of sulfur dioxide that is allowed to be emitted. We would describe this law an example of ________________.
1 point
36.Regions of high biodiversity have, beyond all else, ________________.
1 point
37.If a food has a smaller than average number of food miles, this means that it has ______________________.
1 point
38.If a society cannot return to its original state after a significant disturbance (such as a war, crop failure, or pandemic), we can describe it as _______________.
1 point
39.If carbon dioxide follows a Kuznets curve, what might we predict?
1 point
“Thanks to rapid economic growth, better governance, and much improved public health, especially against malaria, most African countries are now experiencing child mortality falls of 5 percent or more a year, a rate that is far more rapid than it was in the 1990s. These falls will surely soon be followed, as night follows day, by an even faster fall in birth rates.”
Which of these concepts or models does this statement accept to be essentially true?
1 point
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